The aircraft were (flying boat) seaplanes of the Loire 130 type. It also appeared that the APC shells were effective in bombing concrete positions, but did not exploded and tended to bury themselves when they hit the ground. As another weight-reduction measure, the armored belt's thickness was reduced from 360 mm (14 in) planned to 330 mm (13 in) and its inclination increased from 11°30' to 15°24' to compensate for the thickness reduction. [85], Six 37 mm (1.5 in) ACAD Model 1935 mountings would have been fitted, four abeam[Clarification needed], The most conspicuous difference in the Richelieu and Dunkerque profiles was the mounting of the fire control director system aft, not on a separate tower located behind the funnel, but on a kind of mack, so that the funnel opening came out obliquely aft underneath the control tower. On 15 June, the French Admiralty placed Richelieu under Admiral de Laborde, Amiral Ouest, C. in-C. French Navy at Brest, with order to prepare to send the battleship to the Clyde. It would be surpassed only on U.S. Navy Iowa-class battleships in 1943–1944. On June 18, as the German Panzer divisions were approaching, the Commanding Officer was ordered to be ready to leave immediately for Casablanca or to scuttle the ship. 35,000 tons standard[lower-alpha 1] as designed, 6 Indret Sural (pressure-fired) boilers4 Parsons geared turbines, 1,464 + 86 as flagship (planned) Only HMS Hood, and the two Renow… Only the six 100 mm (3.9 in) turrets were usable. [128] As the firing arcs of the 152 mm (6.0 in) turrets amidships were intended to be mainly directed forwards, the 100 mm (3.9 in) AA battery would have been shielded enough from their blast effects. When sortied as flagship: Increase all Iris Libre and Vichya Dominion ships' Firepower, Torpedo, Accuracy, and Reload stats by 5% (15%). Gloire class 5,603 tons. Author: Richelieu class battleships inboard profile.svg: Sas1975kr; derivative work: Maxrossomachin They definitely draw a line between battlecruisers and battleships. However by November 1940 it became evident that this would not be provided in time for the Richelieu's completion. Starshells, registered as OEcl (Obus Eclairant) Model 1936 and weighing 47 kilograms (104 lb), were to be provided for the amidships turrets. The 100 mm (3.9 in) CAD Model 1930 turrets were dual-purpose. All this required machinery generating 150,000 shp to reach the 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) requested by the French Navy Board. In 1954, the British-built fire control radar for the 380 mm battery, was replaced, for training purpose, by a French-built DBRC[lower-alpha 5] 10A radar, yet installed on Jean Bart from 1951. Duke of Richelieu, People from Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Buildings and structures in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Transport in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Richelieu. After having fired her last 380 mm rounds, during trials after refit, in 1952, the Richelieu was assigned as gunnery training ship in Toulon, wearing the ensign of the Group of School of the Mediterranean Flag Officer. During July 1941, three Loire 130 seaplanes were shipped. [48], The maximum fuel load for peace-time cruising was 5,866 tonnes (5,773 long tons), but in wartime this figure was reduced to 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) to maximize the underwater protection system's effectiveness, since filling the liquid loading compartments to the brim created additional pressure on bulkheads instead of absorbing the pressure of explosion. The German Reichsmarine had ordered two units similar to the Deutschland, namely the Admiral Scheer and Admiral Graf Spee, which outgunned all existing heavy cruisers. In May 1940, it was decided that the uncompleted battleship had to be sent to a safer place in Britain or in French Africa, beyond the Luftwaffe's range. They featured a … ; All Iris Libre ships deal 1.5% (6%) more damage. This cancelled de facto the limitations of the Treaty of Versailles with respect to displacement of various types of warships and granted Germany a total tonnage for the Kriegsmarine equal to 35% of the total tonnage of the Royal Navy. Project C lead to an excess displacement of 5,000 tons over the limit of 35,000 tons, so it was not proposed to the Chief of the Navy General Staff. Intercepted in the Gulf of Guinea, by British cruisers which were intended to force him to turn back to Casablanca, he found finally refuge at Dakar with two cruisers, Georges Leygues, flagship, and Montcalm on 19 September. Since torpedo surface attacks were considered more dangerous than aircraft, a heavier gun was required for the anti-surface battery. – the French equivalent of the Department of the Director of Naval Construction in the Royal Navy – established a definitive project which was submitted to the Minister on 14 August 1935 and adopted on 31 August, and the Richelieu was laid down on 22 October 1935. Biography. Admiral Darlan, Chief of the Navy General Staff, thought that the three 152 mm (6.0 in) turrets aft on the Richelieu were a mistake, since two turrets in centerline positions would provide the same broadside of six guns and saved nearly 300 tonnes (300 long tons), allowing having six more 100 mm (3.9 in) AA mountings. (Direction des Constructions Navales) dockyard began the construction of a steel cofferdam, to be placed in October so the remaining water could then be pumped out. But when these ships' final design was about to be settled, Germany was negotiating the 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement, and the British Government was pressing very strongly for limits on the battleship main artillery caliber. These problems were probably due to the too-great weight, 228 tonnes (224 long tons) without the barbette, of the 152 mm (6.0 in) DP Model 1936 turret; this was nearly 56 tonnes (55 long tons) heavier than the 172-tonne (169-long-ton) 152 mm (6.0 in) Model 1931. The lower armored deck was 40 mm (1.6 in) thick and extended to frame 233, improving the protection of the forward part of the ship, left unprotected on the. As only less than two hundred SD21 powder charges had been embarked in Brest, the eight hundred powder charges with SD19 propellant for Strasbourg's 330 mm guns left stored at Dakar the previous year, were reconditioned in 600 powder charges for 380 mm guns. The Richelieu was a French battleship, a scaled-up version of the Dunkerque-class battleships and the lead ship of her class. [2] The Jean Bart, moored in Casablanca harbor, stayed uncompleted as facilities to complete her were completely lacking. She reached more than 1200 men when she was about to be sent due to the Suez Canal crisis, but even then, only one 380 mm (15 in) turret and the axial 152 mm (6.0 in) turret could be manned. Laid down in October 1935, Richelieu was floated out the Salou n°4 graving dock, on 17 January 1939 to be fitted out in the Laninon n°9 dock in the Brest Navy Yards. When F-country was defeated in 1940s, the unfinished Richelieu arrived at Dakar on 15 June to avoid capture by G-country. Germany was not concerned, as she had not been invited to the second London naval disarmament conference, but officially the battleships Bismarck and Tirpitz had 380 mm (15 in) guns and 35,000 tons displacements. 9 x 152 mm (6 inch) secondary (3x3 mounted aft) [86] Due to the ruined state of the French dockyards, she sailed for Casablanca, where she arrived on 10 October 1944, for careening. The first post-World War I battleship of the French Navy, Dunkerque, was ordered in 1932. In October 1955, Jean Bart replaced Richelieu as flagship of the South Group of Schools. However, on 18 June 1935 the Anglo-German Naval Agreement had been signed between the United Kingdom – without consulting France – and the Third Reich, canceling de facto the Treaty of Versailles limitations concerning the displacements of the various types of warships and allowing Germany to build a war navy within the limit of 35% of the Royal Navy's total tonnage. Dunkerque had a displacement of 26,500 tons and was armed with eight 330 mm guns. Thus, the 152 mm (6.0 in) turret faces' armor thickness had to be reduced to 116 mm (4.6 in)– instead of 130 mm (5.1 in) – the armored belt's to 320 mm (13 in), and the main turrets' rear plates' to 250 mm (9.8 in). The horizontal turning speed was 12°/second, and the elevation speed was 8°/s. Richelieu class battleships inboard profile.svg Conforms to drawings in (2009) French Battleships 1922–1956, Barnsley ISBN: 978-1-84832-034-5. But the U.S. Navy authorities concluded the task exceeded their capacities, for the ship was too different from the equivalent U.S. warships, and the correct parts were lacking. Richelieu is a character and one of the heroes from the Kantai Collection series who was implimented into the game on the 10th of August, 2017.. She is the Fleet Girl form of the French Battleship Princess.. She is voiced by Tanibe Yumi and drawn by Akira.. The maximum horizontal turning speed was 5°/s, and the maximum elevating speed 5.5°/s. Work progressed slowly, as the Clemenceau did not have priority in naval building unlike the first pair of the Richelieu class. [93], There were, however, differences from the Dunkerque's aircraft installations, resulting from the differing boiler placement: three side by side in each boiler room, instead of two; thus, there was only one boiler room under the funnel instead of two. [148] Escorted by the Adroit-class destroyers Fougueux and Frondeur, she reached Dakar on 23 June 1940. [201] In the late 1950s, the name of Clemenceau was given to the first modern post-war French-built aircraft carrier, French aircraft carrier Clemenceau. Knowing this, the British Admiralty, fearing Richelieu returned to France, ordered HMS Hood and HMS Ark Royal to leave Gibraltar to intercept her off the Canaries Islands, and the French Admiralty, fearing the battleship joining the British, summoned Captain Marzin to return to Dakar, which he did obediently, arriving on 27 June, shadowed by HMS Dorsetshire, as HMS Hermes has left. Richelieu was a French fast battleship, the lead ship of the Richelieu class.Built as a response to the Italian Littorio class, the Richelieus were based on their immediate predecessors of the Dunkerque class with the same unconventional arrangement that grouped their main battery forward in two quadruple gun turrets. But time was missing to create a design for a truly new heavier battleship class. All this required machinery generating 150,000 hp to reach the 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) requested by the French Navy Board. [25], The most conspicuous difference in the Richelieu and Dunkerque profiles was the mounting of the fire control director system aft, not on a separate tower located behind the funnel, but on a kind of mack, so that the funnel opening came out obliquely aft underneath the control tower. . Initially, the French sought a reply to the Italian Trento-class cruisers of 1925, but all proposals were rejected. Src: … Clemenceau (1943) – launched incomplete 1943, hull sunk by bombing 27 August 1944. Sarnet, René; Le Vaillant, Eric (1997) (in fr). The "Vive La France" collection is available during the celebrations surrounding the introduction of the French battleship line beginning on 7 February 2018. Richelieu— French Tier VIII battleship. Its aim was to enable the French Navy to counter the navies of both Italy and Germany. [31][32] They are all superior to those for earlier battleships (such as the Dunkerque) or those given for the King George V-class battleships, (12,500 tons and 34.80%)[33] or for the Littorio-class battleships (13,600 tonnes (13,400 long tons) weight of armor and 36% of 37,750 tonnes (37,150 long tons) standard displacement). All British or U.S. battleships built in the late 1930s, having to respect the 35,000 tons displacement limit, had a speed of 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph) – the King George V class – or 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph) – North Carolina or South Dakota classes; they were 225 meters (738 ft) or 215 meters (705 ft) long, with a propulsion plant developing respectively 110,000, 120,000, or 130,000 shp. Richelieu-class ships were essentially scaled-up versions of the preceding Dunkerque class. During the night, a commando of Royal Marines, under Lieutenant-Commander Bristowe, succeeded to drop furtively, from a fast motor boat, four depth grenades under the stern of Richelieu, but the grenades did not explode. [45], Since the French Navy ship designers thought that the Dunkerque-class battleships' armor was able to resist 280 mm (11 in) caliber shells, they would not have needed to design a heavier battleship class. The anti-aircraft battery was reinforced, by some 13.2 mm Browning MG mountings and four twin 37 mm CAD Model 1933 mountings, some being removed from the damaged destroyer L'Audacieux, but the 152 mm turrets were not able yet to fire on aerial targets. [90] She left Trincomalee on 5 September to participate in the liberation of Singapore, Operation Tiderace. 56 40 mm Bofors Anti-Aircraft (14x4). [80] The 100 mm (3.9 in) guns proved to be the only reliable arms of the Richelieu until 1942, due to the uncompleted or obsolescent fire control of the 380 mm and 152 mm batteries. [177] These magazines' armor weakness was known, and was intended to be corrected on the Gascogne. One 38-centimetre (15 in) gun had an explosion in the breech and the propellant for the shell was thought to be the cause. They saw service during World War II, first under Vichy control in Dakar (1940) and Casablanca (1942), then under the Allies' control, the Richelieu participating in British Home Fleet and Eastern Fleet operations and supporting the French forces' return to Indochina in late 1945. 12 × 100 mm (3.94 in) in 6 CAD Modèle 1931 mountings [170] During a careening in Toulon in 1951, she was fitted with French-built radar devices, and received one new-built 380 mm (15 in) gun and three guns seized by the Germans, two having been installed during the war in shore batteries in Norway and in Normandy, the third having been used for trials at the Krupp proving grounds in Meppen (Germany). In late May and mid-June, the Commanding Officer, Captain Marzin carried out speed and gunnery trials, reaching 32 knots, and firing a few shots from her main and secondary batteries. [79], Since at the time torpedo surface attacks were considered more damaging than aircraft bombing, a heavier caliber was required for the anti-ship battery. [42] Consequently, the French Navy asked to quickly have a second Dunkerque-class battleship; she was included in the 1934 Estimates.[43]. An equivalent speed had been reached with less power (144,000 hp) on HMS Hood,[110] but with a 262 meters (860 ft) hull, a 42,000 tonnes (41,000 long tons) displacement, and a ratio length/beam of 8; this was done without shipbuilding restraint or any displacement Treaty limit. 1. The Jean Bart was not completed until the 1950s, and took part in the operations off Port Said (Egypt) during the Suez Crisis in 1956. All the fire control systems were airtight and fitted with light steel plating against the machine gun attacks of strafing aircraft. On November 10, her 380 mm (15 in) turret having been overhauled, Jean Bart almost hit the USS Augusta, the Task Force 34 flagship. [lower-alpha 5], But neither France nor Italy were intending to build battleships similar to the most recent American, British, or Japanese battleships: very heavily armed and armored. To respect the priority of completing the Richelieu first, four mountings had to be removed from the reconstructed battleship Lorraine,[82] and two from a battery near Marseilles. [123], Three projects were studied, the first (project A) with the same quadruple arrangement forward as the Richelieu, but different secondary artillery arrangements, the second (project B) with one quadruple turret forward and one quadruple turret aft, the third (project C) with two fore triple turrets and one triple turret aft, in every case with a 380 mm (15 in) caliber. The three ruined barrels of the Richelieu's upper main battery turret were replaced by barrels previously fitted on the Jean Bart, the second Richelieu-class unit, that was staying at Casablanca. [81], At the war's very beginning (in November 1939), it became evident that the projected 37 mm (1.5 in) ACAD Model 1935 (automatic anti-aircraft twin) mountings would not be provided in time for the Richelieu's completion; thus, a drastic revision of the AA battery was needed. The horizontal armor was a little less thick (104 mm (4.1 in)) on the North Carolina class and equivalent (127 mm (5.0 in) to 165 mm (6.5 in)) on the South Dakota and Iowa classes. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Initially two ships were ordered in 1935 in response to Italian orders for the Littorio-class battleships the previous year. The maximum angle of elevation of guns on the Model 1936 turret was 35°. She left Brest in northwestern France for Dakar in French West Africa (modern-day Senegal) in June 1940 to avoid capture in the shipyard where she was nearing completion. This is identified as among the best series of articles produced by the Wikipedia community. On 24 February 1941, Captain Deramond replaced Captain Marzin as Commanding Officer of Richelieu. [159][160], The Richelieu sailed for Mers el-Kebir on 14 October and thence to Scapa Flow, arriving on 20 November. New quadruple 37 mm (1.5 in) zénithaux[lower-alpha 13] mountings, intended to be used against dive-bombing aircraft, would have been installed on each side of the quarterdeck near the aviation hangar. Originally, the Deutschland class was intended to have six ships. System 1, in the upper position, was for anti-aircraft gunnery and had a 6-meter (20 ft) double stereoscopic OPL rangefinder. 56 × 40 mm (1.6 in) in 14 CAQ Bofors mountings These guns proved to be the only reliable arms of the Richelieu until 1943, due to the obsolescent, as only optical fire control for the 380 mm battery, or uncompleted for anti-aerial targets, for the 152 mm battery. She featured a main armament of eight 380 mm guns in two quadruple turrets in forward superfiring positions. Jean Bart in 1955: [52][53] The French answer was the laying down of the second Richelieu-class battleship, the Jean Bart, in December 1936. She eventually limped into Singapore at noon on 11 September.[92]. The armor thicknesses of the longitudinal bulkheads, conning tower, and turrets and barbettes of the 152 mm (6.0 in) guns were also reduced. The rate of fire was from 1.3 rounds per minute to 2 rpm. France in turn abrogated naval limitation treaties, in that 88,000 tons of new battleships had been ordered between 1922 and 31 December 1936, against a limit of 70,000 tons allowed by the 1922 Treaty of Washington and the 1930 Treaty of London. There were also differences between subclasses in the secondary artillery and the aircraft installations planned to be fitted, as well as minor differences between the Richelieu and the Jean Bart resulting from the latter ship's completion, ten years after the former one's. [71] But during firing practice,the U.S. manufactured MC420 powder charges gave some concern, as they frequently snagged, spilling powder into the firing chamber, thus putting the turret out of service to sweep it. Due to her lack of high explosive shells for attacks against land targets, she was finally designated to join the British Eastern Fleet, in the Indian Ocean, to cover for British battleships undergoing refit. Boiler room 2 (directly underneath the funnel), with boilers #20, #21, and #22, produced the steam for the center shaft turbines in the aft engine room. 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine guns [126] Two seaplanes would have been stowed in the hangar in line, and a third one would have been parked on rails on the quarterdeck, to the aviation hangar's starboard. [73], Remote Power Control (RPC) was to be fitted for both horizontal turning and elevation; however, the failure of the Sautter-Harlé-Blondel system fitted on the Dunkerque-class battleships resulted in a loss of confidence in the application of this technology to heavy armored turrets, and it was never fitted. [46] The German battleship Bismarck had a 29-knot (54 km/h; 33 mph) speed with 138,000 hp, and reached 30.5 knots with forcing for 150,000 shp,[32] with a length/beam ratio of only 6.9 as she had nearly the same hull length as the Richelieu, but a wider beam (36 meters (118 ft)). The main fire control directors atop the fore tower were lifted out of their tracks, damaging them because of the whiplash effect on the mast around which they were placed. But, when the ship building yard was occupied by the Germans, in June 1940, the battleship had not been yet formally ordered. [135] As the 152 mm (6.0 in) guns' magazines would have been be near the main artillery turrets' magazines, which would increase risks, the 152 mm (6.0 in) turrets' armor had to be improved. [54], Vice Admiral Durand-Viel, the Chief of the Navy's General Staff, was very concerned about continuity between the Richelieu battleship class and the preceding Dunkerque battleship class (whose lead ship had been ordered only two years before), in order to reduce to a minimum planning and construction delays and to create homogeneous combat groups. On 21 September, Vice Admiral Lacroix, formerly Flag Officer of the Force de Raid 1st Light Squadron, who had been on the destroyer Mogador when she was damaged at Mers-el-Kébir, was flown to Dakar to replace him. [98], The rate of fire and the fire control system of the 100 mm AA battery needed, in these last 1940s, to be upgraded to counter the new fast moving aircraft. She remained with only two rangefinders on the fore tower, and the rear mast was shortened. [78] She participated in an operation off the northern coast of Norway, covering the Home Fleet aircraft carriers sent to attack the maritime German traffic (Operation Posthorn, 10–12 February 1944). [93][94] On 29 December, she sailed for France, and arrived in Toulon on 11 February 1946. [24], The fire control system was very similar to the Dunkerque's. [77], The triple 152 mm (6.0 in) Model 1936 Dual Purpose turret was a further development of the 152 mm (6.0 in) Model 1930 Low-Angle turret. The Richelieu -class was designed in response to the Italian Littorio -class battleships laid down in 1934, with Richelieu being laid down in 1935. After sea trials – with a maximum speed of 30.2 knots (55.9 km/h; 34.8 mph) – the refit was declared complete on 10 October 1943. For the Bismarck, the figures are 17258 tons or 17540 tons for the armor weight, and from 43.92% to 41.30%, depending on whether the percentage is calculated with 39931 tons light displacement or 41781 tons standard displacement. 1 Introduction 2 Namesake 3 Attributes 4 Acquiring Info 5 Quotes 6 Trivia 7 External Links Richelieu Class battleships were the cutting-edge ships designed by F-country in the 30s. [154] During the two days, the Richelieu fired a total of 24 rounds. No High Explosive (HE) variant of the 380 mm (15 in) shell was originally provided. During July and August, repair of Richelieu began. (The French equivalent of the Royal Navy's Department of the Director of Naval Construction) established a definitive project. By this, France was breaking the Washington Treaty and the 1930 London Treaty, since 88,000 long tons (89,412 t) of new battleships (instead of 70,000 long tons (71,123 t)) had been ordered since 1922 and before 31 December 1936. This 23,333-long-ton (23,707 t) battleship would have had a length of 213 metres (699 ft) and a 27.5-metre (90 ft) beam, two quad 305-millimetre (12.0 in)/55 turrets forward, three quad 130-millimetre (5.1 in) Dual Purpose (DP) turrets aft, a 30-knot (56 km/h; 35 mph) top speed, 230-millimetre (9.1 in) belt armor, and 150-millimetre (5.9 in) deck armor. The damaged barrels were not yet repaired, because of the obstruction of the German Armistice Commission. An initial order for 930 rounds was placed on May 1943 with Crucible Steel, on the basis of OPf Model 1936 plans traced at Dakar. For the number of guns, eight was the minimum for efficiently spotting salvos ;[lower-alpha 7] this was one reason the Italian Navy had not been satisfied by the 23,300-long-ton (23,674 t) battleship project of 1931, which had only six 381 mm (15.0 in) guns. They only wished to modernize their aging battleships, refurbishing the propulsion machinery and upgrading the main artillery; the Treaty of Washington authorized them to undertake much more radical modernizations than the other treaty powers. The S.T.C.N. Its prototype was almost complete in June 1940 but never flew. The Richelieu-class battleships were the last and largest battleships of the French Navy. Placed in the reserve fleet in 1958, she was in 1968 decommissioned and sold to Italian ship scrappers. [56][57][1], The quadruple turret's major drawback was the risk of taking a single unlucky shot which would destroy one turret and cripple half the main battery; to help prevent this, the Dunkerque-class battleships' quadruple turrets had been divided internally, with a 25–40 mm (0.98–1.6 in) bulkhead to localize damage. The quad Bofors 40 mm mountings were installed in three groups of four on the quarterdeck, and around the fore and aft towers, and two mountings abeam turret II. The lower armored deck was 40 mm (1.6 in) thick and extended to frame 233, improving the protection of the forward part of the ship, left unprotected on the. When it appeared that the Battle of France was on its way to be won by the Wehrmacht by late May, work on dredging the earth dam was begun in order to be ready to leave at a high tide on June 20. Initially two ships were ordered in 1935 in response Richelieu was a French fast battleship the lead ship of the Richelieu class Built as a response to … Some days later, the Stefani news agency announced the laying down of two 35,000-long-ton (35,562 t) battleships,[39] armed with nine 381 mm (15.0 in) guns;[47] in October 1935 these received the names of Littorio and Vittorio Veneto. Vice Admiral Durand-Viel, the Chief of the Navy's General Staff, was very concerned about continuity between the Richelieu battleship class and the preceding Dunkerque battleship class (whose lead ship had been ordered only two years before). It was decided that these 152 mm (6.0 in) turrets had to be dual-purpose, and that the tertiary 75 mm (3.0 in) AA battery had to be abandoned, as the substitution of 152 mm (6.0 in) DP turrets, weighing 306 tonnes (301 long tons) to the 130 mm (5.1 in) turrets, weighing 200 tonnes (197 long tons),[63] was inducing an weight excess of about 530 tonnes (522 long tons). The 100 mm (3.9 in) CAD Model 1931 turrets were dual-purpose. A thinner upper armored deck had been considered, reducing its thickness to around 145 mm (5.7 in), instead of around 160 mm (6.3 in),[136] but there is no proof that such a decision was actually taken, beyond a S.T.C.N. The guns, mounted on separate cradles, were 1.85 meters (6.1 ft) apart. The overall anti-aircraft armament was massively reinforced, with 48 20 mm (0.79 in) AA guns in single mounts replacing the original 13.2 mm (0.52 in) Hotchkiss machine guns, and 14 quad 40 mm (1.6 in) turrets replacing the original 37 mm (1.5 in) semi-automatic guns. The maximum width was around 7 meters (23 ft). Richelieu was a French fast battleship, the lead ship of the Richelieu class. [197], The third unit, the Clemenceau, was laid down in the Salou graving dock as soon as the Richelieu had left it. Jean Bart was a French fast battleship, the second and final member of the Richelieu class.Built as a response to the Italian Littorio class, the Richelieus were based on their immediate predecessors of the Dunkerque class with the same unconventional arrangement that grouped their main battery forward in two quadruple gun turrets.They were scaled up to accommodate … The battleship was quickly entered in the inner harbour, and pumping out began immediately with some difficulties, as pumps powerful enough for this operation were not easily available, and no graving dock was able to accommodate Richelieu, at Dakar.[61]. Richelieu class battleships inboard profile.svg Conforms to drawings in (2009) French Battleships 1922–1956, Barnsley ISBN: 978-1-84832-034-5. 1.2. In 1922, the Washington Naval Conference, concluded by the Washington Naval Treaty, decided to stop for ten years any new battleship building, as a new naval armaments race was developing between the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Japan. It was therefore envisaged a similar main and secondary artillery disposition. She returned via Diego Suarez to Trincomalee, where she arrived on 18 August, learning of the Japanese surrender on 15 August. The aircraft were (flying boat) seaplanes of the Loire 130 type – single-engined (720 hp Hispano-Suiza 12-cylinder liquid cooled) with a 3,500 kilograms (7,700 lb) weight, a 210 kilometres per hour (130 mph) maximum speed, a 165 kilometres per hour (103 mph) cruise speed at 1,500 meters (4,900 ft), two 75 mm (3.0 in) machine guns and two 75 kilograms (165 lb) bombs. 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