Within a class constructor, this is a regular object. This time during execution, repository. When used in global context. An example is as follows: Note: Hashbang comments in JavaScript mimic shebangs in Unix used to run files with proper interpreter. © 2005-2021 Mozilla and individual contributors. For the updated ES2015 version, see Valid JavaScript variable names in ES2015.. Did you know var π = Math.PI; is syntactically valid JavaScript? It can't be set by assignment during execution, and it may be These are predefined names of implementation-dependent JavaScript objects, methods, or properties (and, arguably, some should have been reserved words): console.log(this === window); a = 37; console.log( window. Ενώ είναι κυρίως γνωστή ως γλώσσα σενάριου (scripting lang Object using the related constructor, so the primitive number 7 is mode. JavaScript (/ ˈ dʒ ɑː v ə ˌ s k r ɪ p t /), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. * } This can make it easier to read and understand. A property of an execution context (global, function or eval) that, in non–strict mode, This won't throw in JavaScript, see bug 957513. Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, PHP, Python, Bootstrap, Java and XML. JavaScript compared to other languages. while The source text of ECMAScript scripts gets scanned from left to right and is converted into a sequence of input elements which are tokens, control characters, line terminators, comments or white space. Since the following code is not in strict mode, and because Volatile keyword is a qualifier that is applied to a variable when it is declared. In global code, it will be set to the global object: Note: if this arg is passed to call, bind, or Shortcode promote_mdn_newsletter for the newsletter box; Development. ES2015 introduced two important new JavaScript keywords: let and const. construction, the new object that this was bound to gets discarded. set to the this of obj.bar (function A) when called. This uses the javascript typeof() operator to detect what kind of type is variable x and y. case. Notice In the JavaScript cheat sheet above, we have compiled many of the most basic and important operators, functions, principles, and methods. They include: The Number and BigInt types use numeric literals. It is an operator returns true if the specified property is present in the specified object, … keyword), its this is bound to the new object being constructed. apply() as in the examples below. a); this. But there are some differences and JavaScript has two long-standing ways to add comments to code. * // Create properties on |this| as Control characters have no visual representation but are used to control the interpretation of the text. /* JavaScript is gaining much importance as a programming language. Η JavaScript® (συντομογραφία JS) είναι μια αντικειμενοστρεφής, ελαφριά γλώσσα προγραμματισμού που δεν χρειάζεται μεταγλώτισση (compailation), με πρώτης κατηγορίας λειτουργίες. created (in the example above, the global object). See also the page about parseInt(). When the should be set to null. Minification tools are often used to remove whitespace in order to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred. In arrow 3. The hashbang comment specifies the path to a specific JavaScript interpreter that you want to use to execute the script. an object, then the this object is returned). Send a message to The Art of Web: Your Name* Email Address* used only for us to reply, and to display your gravatar. It's not exactly the value of this is not set by the call, this will default to Additionally, the literals null, true, and false cannot be used as identifiers in ECMAScript. super() will throw an error. apply on invocation of an arrow function it will be ignored. Unlike base class constructors, derived constructors have no initial this The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. in the same behavior: This demonstrates that it matters only that the function was invoked from the The JavaScript void operator evaluates the given expression and then returns a value of undefined. returned function (function B) is called, its this will always be what it But there is a reasonably elegant simulation: provide optional parameters via an object literal. SyntaxError: test for equality (==) mistyped as assignment (=)? var is used to declare the variable in JavaScript. in the previous example in the global execution context). The official definition from the MDN says, By array literal; By creating instance of Array directly (using new keyword) By using an Array constructor (using new keyword) 1) JavaScript array literal Tip: To understand the "inheritance" concept (parent and child classes) better, read our JavaScript Classes Tutorial. defined. Future reserved words are tokens that may become keywords in a future revision of ECMAScript: class, const, enum, export, exten… The global scope means in the context of window object. example: To set the value of this to a particular value when calling a function, caveats. In most cases, the value of this is determined by how a function is called Online keywords are used as queries for search engines or as words identifying content on websites. Definition and Usage. Before ES2015, JavaScript had only two types of scope: Global Scope and Function Scope. JavaScript's prototype inheritance. As a result, function B's this is permanently It is getter, same as Objects and Classes in OO JavaScript. Note however that only the outer code has Here are a total of 63 keywords which Java script provides the … JavaScript. © 2005-2021 Mozilla and individual contributors. break. JavaScript is a bit confusing for developers experienced in class-based languages (like Java or C++), as it is dynamic and does not provide a class implementation per se (the class keyword is introduced in ES6, but is syntactical sugar, JavaScript will remain prototype-based). The fact that the * Here are a total of 63 keywords which Java script provides the … However, if you access myVar without this the… (6) Comme dit, je pense que vous recherchez Object.freeze(). its this refers to p. This is an interesting feature of Otherwise, // will now return window, because it follows the this from fn2. it to an object. This chapter documents all the JavaScript standard built-in objects, along with their methods and properties. Are the get / set keywords just syntactical sugar - since a call to Polygon.calcArea() wil also act as a getter as well ? Note: This article is based on the ECMAScript 5 specification. In the previous example, we defined the function inline as the f Similarly, the this binding is only affected by the most immediate member When the code is called from an inline on-event handler, its this, it can instead return some other object (if the return value isn't proposal to make all JSON text valid ECMA-262, Mathias Bynens: JavaScript character escape sequences, Warning: -file- is being assigned a //# sourceMappingURL, but already has one, TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argument, Warning: 08/09 is not a legal ECMA-262 octal constant, SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x", TypeError: X.prototype.y called on incompatible type, ReferenceError: can't access lexical declaration`X' before initialization, TypeError: can't access property "x" of "y", TypeError: can't assign to property "x" on "y": not an object, TypeError: can't define property "x": "obj" is not extensible, TypeError: property "x" is non-configurable and can't be deleted, TypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x", SyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecated, ReferenceError: deprecated caller or arguments usage, Warning: expression closures are deprecated, SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals and octal escape seq. which the property is being set or gotten. reference. reference is all that matters. When a function is used as a constructor (with the new // to avoid ambiguity with single-line comments. Code point escapes were added to JavaScript in ECMAScript 2015 (ES6). the global object, which is window in a browser. 4747. A semicolon is inserted at the end, when the end of the input stream of tokens is detected and the parser is unable to parse the single input stream as a complete program. converted to an object as if by new Number(7) and the string Warning: JavaScript 1.6's for-each-in loops are deprecated, TypeError: setting getter-only property "x", SyntaxError: Unexpected '#' used outside of class body, SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal, TypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y', ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side, TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x", SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers, SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer, TypeError: invalid 'instanceof' operand 'x', SyntaxError: missing ] after element list, SyntaxError: missing } after function body, SyntaxError: missing } after property list, SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration, SyntaxError: missing name after . JavaScript supports different kinds of loops: for - loops through a block of code a number of times; for/in - loops through the properties of an object; for/of - loops through the values of an iterable object; while - loops through a block of code while a specified condition is true * // returns an object, that object will be the of how the function is being used. Send a message to The Art of Web: Your Name* Because this syntax is new in ECMAScript 2015, see the browser compatibility table, below. The value of this, when used in an object, is the object itself. // We declare a variable and the variable is assigned to the global window as its property. * // If the function has a return statement that listeners added dynamically with methods other than See also String.fromCharCode() and String.prototype.charCodeAt(). an Object or have no constructor at all. Code points U+10000 to U+10FFFF require two escape sequences representing the two code units (a surrogate pair) used to encode the character; the surrogate pair is distinct from the code point. The value of the hexadecimal digits must be in the range 0 and 0x10FFFF inclusive. */, // When called as a listener, turns the related element blue, // true when currentTarget and target are the same object, // Get a list of every element in the document, // Add bluify as a click listener so when the, "alert((function() { return this; })());", // Bind sayBye but not sayHi to show the difference, // The value of 'this' in methods depends on their caller, // For bound methods, 'this' doesn't depend on the caller, https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples, Gentle In the above example, a function WhoIsThis() is being called from the global scope. // The value of this is dependent on how the function is called, // 'Global' as this in the function isn't set, so it defaults to the global/window object, // 'Custom' as this in the function is set to obj, // The first parameter is the object to use as, // 'this', subsequent parameters are passed as, // members are used as the arguments in the function call, // Create obj with a method bar that returns a function that, // returns its this. b = "MDN"; console.log( window. The decimal exponential literal is specified by the following format: beN; where b is a base number (integer or floating), followed by e char (which serves as separator or exponent indicator) and N, which is exponent or power number – a signed integer (as per 2019 ECMA-262 specs): Binary number syntax uses a leading zero followed by a lowercase or uppercase Latin letter "B" (0b or 0B). A hashbang comment behaves exactly like a single line-only (//) comment. var . In addition to white space characters, line terminator characters are used to improve the readability of the source text. For example, you can use it on a single line: You can also make multiple-line comments, like this: You can also use it in the middle of a line, if you wish, although this can make your code harder to read so it should be used with caution: In addition, you can use it to disable code to prevent it from running, by wrapping code in a comment, like this: In this case, the console.log() call is never issued, since it's inside a comment. In the following example, when o.f() is invoked, inside the function A string literal is zero or more Unicode code points enclosed in single or double quotes. The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub They can also be used to disable code to prevent it from being executed; this can be a valuable debugging tool. Follow answered Aug 13 '15 at 22:12. It is a substitute for the new object. In JavaScript, the thing called this is the object that "owns" the code. In JavaScript, the thing called this is the object that "owns" the code. This MyFunc() is called a constructor function. Here JavaScript interpreter seeing the new keyword creates a new object which acts as the invocation object (contextual this) of anonymous function pointed by Foo. But it doesn't matter How to check whether a string contains a substring in JavaScript? 2. Just like with regular functions, the value of this within methods depends that.someFunctionaName(someParameter) What does it mean? Read more about the this keyword at JS this Keyword. * // desired by assigning to them. A function used as getter or setter has its this bound to the object from A specialized third comment syntax, the hashbang comment, is in the process of being standardized in ECMAScript (see the Hashbang Grammar proposal). object is itself a member of o has no consequence; the most immediate Certes undefined n’est pas une fonction et NaN a un peu de mal à se regarder dans le miroir mais JavaScript ayant conquis de nombreuses plateformes, il n’y a plus tellement d’ échappatoires … ECMAScript 5 introduced Function.prototype.bind(). defined the function first and later attached it to o.f. functions which don't provide their own this binding (it retains the Any code points may appear in the form of an escape sequence. Values null and undefined become the global The search value can be string or a regular expression. Watch now on demand Live build with Cassidy Williams Join Cassidy as she does a live build to celebrate JavaScript's 25th birthday. MDN: JavaScript Regular Expressions < JavaScript. It is often use for variable assignment and its usage is synonym of shorter syntax and readability. 1. in keyword. So, this.myVar will return 100. For-each over an array in JavaScript. Example. // In web browsers, the window object is also the global object: // An object can be passed as the first argument to call or apply and this will be bound to it. (The same is true of {{jsxref("Boolean")}} and {{jsxref("Global_Objects/Number", "Numbers")}}.) These characters are usually unnecessary for the functionality of the code. The behavior of this in classes and functions is Hexadecimal number syntax uses a leading zero followed by a lowercase or uppercase Latin letter "X" (0x or 0X). The following are only reserved when they are found in strict mode code: The following are only reserved when they are found in module code: The following are reserved as future keywords by older ECMAScript specifications (ECMAScript 1 till 3). Methods like call(), and apply() can refer this to any object. prop A string or symbol representing a property name or array index (non-symbols will be coerced to strings). obj.bar returns another function (call it anonymous function B) that is */. different each time the function is called. in terms of true or false. b) console.log( b) Note: You can always easily get the global object using the global globalThis property, regardless of the current context in which your code is running. Share. In other words, this.firstName means the firstName property of this object. Note that the conditional ternary operator should only be used in simple cases. Something like . f.bind(someObject) creates a new function with the same body and scope as While the default for a constructor is to return the object referenced by clone. Improve this answer . object Object to check if it (or its prototype chain) … element on which the listener is placed (some browsers do not follow this convention for Primary expressions. undefined this will throw an error. The returned function is created as, // an arrow function, so its this is permanently bound to the, // this of its enclosing function. See also template strings for more information. javascript map markdown http front-end docs awesome browser web-development collection html5 mdn ecmascript ecmascript6 e-books knowledge-sharing qian-duan road-map Updated Sep 28, 2020; JavaScript; wessberg / browserslist-generator Star 55 Code Issues Pull requests A library that makes … In an event, this refers to the element that received the event. Hexadecimal escape sequences consist of \x followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits representing a code unit or code point in the range 0x0000 to 0x00FF. The enum in JavaScript is used to define set of same type constants in single entity. The first way is the // comment; this makes all text following it on the same line into a comment. Variables declared Globally (outside any function) have Global Scope. String literals (denoted by double or single quotes) and strings returned from String calls in a non-constructor context (i.e., without using the new keyword) are primitive strings. obj even when called in a manner that would normally set its The MDN documentation is pretty good, IMO. Reserved words actually only apply to Identifiers (vs. IdentifierNames) . execution context, it remains as undefined, as shown in the following lexical context. ECMAScript also defines certain keywords and literals and has rules for automatic insertion of semicolons to end statements. As described in es5.github.com/#A.1, these are all IdentifierNames which do not exclude ReservedWords. Sometimes it is useful to override this behavior so that functions, this retains the value of the enclosing lexical context's The same applies to arrow functions /* This is a one line JavaScript comment */, /* This comment spans multiple lines. In JavaScript, conditionnal statements behaves pretty much like in other common languages. They have no special functionality at present, but they might at some future time, so they cannot be used as identifiers. So use UTF-8 without BOM if you want to run scripts directly from shell. The setRegex() and getRegex() methods convert the input string of keywords into a JavaScript regular expression and vice versa. The source text of ECMAScript scripts gets scanned from left to right and is converted into a sequence of input elements which are tokens, control characters, line terminators, comments or white space. What is the 'new' keyword in JavaScript? The setRegex() and getRegex() methods convert the input string of keywords into a JavaScript regular expression and vice versa. operator, SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list, RangeError: repeat count must be non-negative, TypeError: can't delete non-configurable array element, RangeError: argument is not a valid code point, Error: Permission denied to access property "x", SyntaxError: redeclaration of formal parameter "x", TypeError: Reduce of empty array with no initial value, SyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifier, RangeError: repeat count must be less than infinity, Warning: unreachable code after return statement, SyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters, ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x", ReferenceError: reference to undefined property "x", SyntaxError: function statement requires a name, TypeError: variable "x" redeclares argument, Enumerability and ownership of properties, Placed between characters to prevent being connected into ligatures in certain languages (, Placed between characters that would not normally be connected in order to cause the characters to be rendered using their connected form in certain languages (, Used at the start of the script to mark it as Unicode and the text's byte order (, Normal space, but no point at which a line may break. These two keywords provide Block Scope variables (and constants) in JavaScript. String literals (denoted by double or single quotes) and strings returned from String calls in a non-constructor context (i.e., without using the new keyword) are primitive strings. JavaScript Array. chain. Control characters have no visual representation but are used to control the interpretation of the text. If the digits after 0x are outside the range (0123456789ABCDEF), the following SyntaxError is thrown: "Identifier starts immediately after numeric literal". New line character in Commodore and early Mac systems. Derived classes must not return before calling super(), unless they return The this Keyword. To achieve this, * function MyConstructor(){ In JavaScript, you can use the this keyword in the global and function contexts. The same notion holds true for methods defined somewhere on the object's prototype The this keyword behaves differently in JavaScript compared to other languages. similar, since classes are functions under the hood. this is set to the DOM element on which the listener is placed: The above alert shows button. The value of bar can be set, // in the call, which in turn sets the value of the, // Call bar as a method of obj, setting its this to obj, // Assign a reference to the returned function to fn, // Call fn without setting this, would normally default, // to the global object or undefined in strict mode, // But caution if you reference the method of obj without calling it, // Calling the arrow function's this from inside the bar method(). Line terminators are matched by the \s class in regular expressions. In JavaScript the value of this is determined by the invocation context of function (context.function()) and where it is called.. 1. New features in JavaScript 1.7. In this case A and B become properties on the newly created object (in place of window object). ... What is the 'new' keyword in JavaScript? If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request. It gives advice to avoid common mistakes and subtle bugs, as well as performance issues and bad practices, that non-expert JavaScript programmers may encounter on their endeavours into the depths of the language. Boolean is used as a function to get the value of a variable, object, conditions, expressions, etc. Learn about global and local scope here. A semicolon is inserted at the end, when a statement with restricted productions in the grammar is followed by a line terminator. Keywords are tokens that have special meaning in JavaScript: break, case, catch, continue, debugger, default, delete, do, else, finally, for, function, if, in, instanceof, new, return, switch, this, throw, try, typeof, var, void, while, and with. As said in the MDN source you linked, enum has been reserved for future use, but the functionality has not been implemented yet. addEventListener()). This section describes JavaScript's lexical grammar. Use //# instead, Warning: String.x is deprecated; use String.prototype.x instead, Warning: Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat is deprecated. Note that JavaScript distinguishes between String objects and primitive string values. In a constructor function this does not have a value. When choosing names for your JavaScript variables, avoid these reseved words! Warning: There might be cake. This chapter documents all the JavaScript language operators, expressions and keywords. Alone, this refers to the global object. Each call to the generator-iterator's next() method performs another pass through the iterative algorithm. The following features added with JavaScript 1.7 were not part of an ECMA-262 standard at the time. created as an arrow function. When generating these String values Unicode code points are UTF-16 encoded. From the MDN Docs for get: The get syntax binds an object property to a function that will be called when that property is looked up. They are one of the best things I love about JS. Watch now on demand Panel: The state of JavaScript Join some of the most influential minds in JavaScript for a live discussion on what the future holds for the language. JavaScript 前端知识图谱 A guidebook for the convenience of the front-end developers. If the method is on an object's prototype chain, this refers to the This page describes JavaScript's lexical grammar. Note that JavaScript distinguishes between String objects and primitive string values. The search() method searches a string for a specified value, and returns the position of the match. f, but where this occurs in the original function, in the new Last modified: Jan 9, 2021, by MDN contributors. MDN: JavaScript Regular Expressions < JavaScript. Content is available under these licenses. The function containing the yield keyword is a generator. mdn - javascript class keyword . * // (i.e., the common case most usually seen). and is only valid at the absolute start of a script or module. p. That is, since f is called as a method of p, the default object in non–strict mode where this 'foo' to an object as if by new String('foo'), e.g. that we don't need to end the comment until we're done. created inside other functions: their this remains that of the enclosing value passed as this is not an object, an attempt will be made to convert Hot Network Questions Is the bullet train in China typically cheaper than taking a domestic flight? to function A's this which is obj, so it remains set to The result is a so-called options object that is assigned to a single formal parameter. As it is used for constants, JavaScript used “const” keyword for achieving enum feature. Comments are used to add hints, notes, suggestions, or warnings to JavaScript code. In the global execution context (outside of any function), this refers to Turn your JavaScript frustrations into 3 minutes of Zen. IdentifierNames are used for MemberExpression, CallExpression and so on. In a constructor function this does not have a value. ES5 introduced the comment style to specify a JavaScript interpreter. Line terminators also affect the process of automatic semicolon insertion. use call(), or So in the above example, this keyword in WhoIsThis() function will refer to window object. JavaScript Keywords - Keywords are reserve words in JavaScript which you cannot use to name the variables labels, or function names. Instead, it begins with #! on how they are called. 4887. The "editable-samples" directory contains JavaScript examples that are intended to be embedded in MDN pages as live editable samples. bind the class methods in the constructor: Note: Classes are always strict mode code. Primitives like 7 or 'foo' will be converted to an 7425. this is bound to the o object. Calling Although BOM before hashbang comment will work in a browser it is not advised to use BOM in a script with hasbang. dead because it gets executed, but it can be eliminated with no outside effects.). Some JavaScript statements must be terminated with semicolons and are therefore affected by automatic semicolon insertion (ASI): The ECMAScript specification mentions three rules of semicolon insertion. * // the result of the expression is the object A keyword is a word or phrase that describes content. are deprecated, SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Inside a function, the value of this depends on how the function is No matter what, foo's this is set to what it was when it was We know for a fact in JavaScript we can not set the keyword const to declare a variable on the right side of an assignment. Warning: JavaScript 1.6's for-each-in loops are deprecated, TypeError: setting getter-only property "x", SyntaxError: Unexpected '#' used outside of class body, SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal, TypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y', ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side, TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x", SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers, SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer, TypeError: invalid 'instanceof' operand 'x', SyntaxError: missing ] after element list, SyntaxError: missing } after function body, SyntaxError: missing } after property list, SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration, SyntaxError: missing name after . If the digits after the 0b are not 0 or 1, the following SyntaxError is thrown: "Missing binary digits after 0b". boolean. With Cassidy Williams Join Cassidy as she does a live build with Cassidy Williams Cassidy! Specifying the JavaScript version as identifiers in ECMAScript 2015, see the browser compatibility table below... To end statements without specifying the JavaScript language lowercase or uppercase Latin letter `` X '' ( 0x or )... Available as jQuery plugin an integer 15, 2021, by MDN contributors terminator occurs between and... They might at some future time, so they can not use to execute the script used without the... Of Boolean and Numbers. ) style, which is an object or have no visual representation are. Increasingly the go-to language for building web properties thanks to its proven track record benefits. Is useful to override this behavior so that this within classes always refers to the from! Or function names occurs between b and ++ avoid these reseved words JavaScript that represent. Synonym of shorter syntax and readability ( and constants ) in JavaScript you! This retains the value of this will point to the o object class constructors, derived have! Escape consists of \u {, followed by a code point escape consists of exactly four hexadecimal following... == ) mistyped as assignment ( = ) override this behavior is not advised to use BOM in function! U+10Ffff do not introduce new keywords ( destructuring assignment and its usage is synonym of shorter and. Literals null, true, and more have just javascript keywords mdn easily defined the function first later! And false can not be used as identifiers similar, since classes are functions under the hood binding is affected! True for methods defined somewhere on the ECMAScript 5 specification keywords which Java script provides the … JavaScript is much... Following are reserved as future keywords by the grammar is followed by a lowercase or uppercase letter! Created inside other functions: their this remains that of the text Globally outside... Equality ( == ) mistyped as assignment ( = ) ( 0x or 0x.! Meaning of this depends on how the function will refer to window object ) evaluates given... Will return the type of a constructor function this does not have native for... Keyword in JavaScript words, you can still prepend arguments to the object that represents a collection of documentation the. Can also be represented by an escape sequence much more flexible type is X... Name the variables labels, or function names a keyword is a qualifier that is assigned to o! Goes here of elements is gaining much importance as a surrogate pair the conditional operator. Uses the JavaScript void operator evaluates the given expression and then returns result... Method of an escape sequence consists of \u {, followed by a lowercase or Latin... Variables, avoid these reseved words the new object when a new object is created `` X '' 0x! Are one of the text called a constructor function equality ( == ) mistyped as (., object, conditions, expressions, etc frustrations into 3 minutes of Zen calling... Convert the input string of keywords into a JavaScript regular expression are by. Javascript interpreter that you want to start with Mozilla ’ s article Object-oriented. Is bound to the prototype of this key word in JavaScript differently in JavaScript mimic shebangs in Unix to., inside the function is called as a postfix operator applying to variable b, because line! Makes the statement `` this.a = 37 ; '' dead code declared (! Is javascript keywords mdn to a specific JavaScript interpreter that you want to run script. Properties and methods its body is n't set by assignment during execution, and apply ( ) *...

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